This is a two platform station. The main station building, a modern structure, is on the up platform. The station features a lattice footbridge. The signal box, opened in 1901, was at the south end of the southbound platform.
Goods facilities were at Cowdenbeath (Old) station, not far to the south on the original alignment. (A single siding later opened north of the station, and Union Street, on the west side, served from the north.)
The station was opened on the 1890 Cowdenbeath South Junction to Kelty South Junction shortcut which opened with the Forth Bridge Railway as one of the many improvements to the route between Edinburgh Waverley and Perth.
In 1900 a new link was installed between Cowdenbeath North Junction and Lumphinnans Central Junction.
Cowdenbeath (Old) station closed in 1919.
The box for Cowdenbeath North Junction closed in 1929 and was taken over by the box at the station. (The box may also have been responsible for the triangular Kirkford Colliery Junction to the south, although this may have been controlled by Mossbeath box - see Mossbeath Colliery Sidings.)
The line beyond Kelty was closed in 1970 and the portion to Kelty singled. It closed in 1972.
The box closed in 1981, taken over by the Edinburgh Signalling Centre.